关键词：金红石型钛白粉
打破“资源诅咒”面临诸多瓶颈
3月底的攀西高原，已是烈日炎炎。在攀西大裂谷周边的大山上，正在开发中的矿区裸露在烈日之下，大型运输车辆轰鸣在山谷之中。
这里作为全国唯一的 级战略资源创新开发试验区(以下简称“攀西试验区”)，已经走过了一年的历程。去年3月， 发改委正式批复攀西试验区，其规划面积近3万平方公里，包括四川省的攀枝花市、凉山州、雅安市共3市州13个县市区，其目标为，到2020年，试验区内建成2~3个千亿级产业园区。
“我们期望借助试验区的政策，走出一条资源型城市产业升级、城市转型、民生改善的可持续发展新路子。”攀枝花市市长张剡坦言，经过一年的探索，在产业政策、技术、人才、生产要素等诸多方面还有亟待突破的瓶颈，与试验区的发展存在着现实的落差。
《中国经营报》记者在采访中了解到，作为资源型老工业基地，攀枝花将分别占全球11%和35%资源的钒钛资源开发，放置在城市转型的战略高地。但众多利益群体的博弈正暗流涌动，攀枝花能否打破“资源诅咒”，还有待试验区改革进入深水区。
实验出来的问题单
“只听楼梯响，不见人下来。”这是攀枝花米易县县委书记王飚对这一年来试验区政策落地的感受。在王飚看来，试验区的政策不明朗，相关配套政策没有出来，红线又太多，因此对试验区的期望值和现实落差也越来越大。
资料显示，米易县矿产资源丰富,已探明金属和非金属矿27种、矿区63处，其中全县已经探明(普查)钒钛磁铁矿铁矿石地质储量41.6亿吨。
“作为试验区，资源配置的灵活性和针对性不够，使得一些掌握矿产资源的企业开发积极性和科技创新投入不足。”王飚建议，对纳入试验区规划的项目，实行审批权限下放一级的政策，争取将由 核准、备案、环评的权限下放至省级，将原来由省级核准、备案、环评的权限下放到市、县级审批，开辟项目审批绿色通道。
对于攀枝花市来说， 的困惑在于钒钛作为钢铁产业的下游产品，目前被 列入受限的钢铁类项目，制约了钒钛资源的综合开发利用。另外，钒钛资源开发所需的配套产业也多属 限制类项目，致使钒钛资源综合利用缺少配套产业及政策的有力支撑。
此外，在记者采访中发现，无论是企业还是工业园区，其问题的焦点还在于以电力、铁路、融资和煤炭为主的生产要素制约瓶颈。
“攀钢一年的用电总量达到60亿度，企业成本压力太大。”攀钢钒钛(1.97, 0.02, 1.03%)股份公司总经理张大德告诉记者，现在电价是每度0.534元，如果自己建设大型火电厂，直供电的价格每度1毛多钱，但通过 电网[微博]输送后，只能按照现有市场价格执行。 钛白粉
对急于摆脱以钢铁为单一产业结构，转型升级为“中国钒钛之都”的攀枝花来说，现在不得不为4年之后的用电问题而焦灼。
此外，地处云贵川交界的攀枝花，还要面临铁路、公路运力不足和运输成本过高的问题。“我们的运输成本从2012年的每吨每公里八分钱，涨到现在的一毛三分五。”张大德说，加上通过海运和陆路采购煤炭成本等，攀钢的钢铁价格每吨要比鞍钢高出132元，“这如何与沿海的钢铁企业比竞争力？”
钒钛产业的未来
资料显示，目前攀枝花境内钒钛磁铁矿保有储量达67亿吨，钒、钛储量分别占全国的63%、 和全 的11%、35%，分别居 第三和 位。据最新资源潜力评价，攀枝花市钒钛磁铁矿储量将超过200亿吨。
记者注意到，在攀枝花，对于矿区的争夺就从未停息，其中最为关注的就是红格矿区。红格矿位于攀枝花市盐边县，是攀枝花—西昌地区钒钛磁铁矿四大矿区(太和、白马、攀枝花、红格)中唯一尚未大规模开发建设的矿区。此前，包括央企攀钢集团，民营企业宏达集团、龙蟒集团、香港上市公司恒鼎 等等都在争夺这一矿区(南矿区)的开发权，但根据 政策，在现有开发和冶炼技术均未成熟时暂时封存。
“我们已经打造出了钒钛产业链条，同时还担负着攀枝花十几万人的生计。”张大德表示，目前攀钢集团手里掌握的有开采价值的矿产不过13亿吨，只能开采五六年，之后将是无米之炊。因此，张希望 能够资源倾斜，而不是通过拍卖谁举牌高谁就能拿矿。
就此，四川省社科院副院长、四川省决策委员会委员盛毅认为，攀枝花要实现产业升级与城市转型， 进一步加大开放力度，同时在资源配置上以市场化手段。
有民营企业抱怨说，攀枝花是“一钢独大”，攀钢产业链条越长亏损越多，但守住矿产又粗放式开发，比如表皮矿，还有很大的开发价值，但攀钢不愿意给民营企业，自己却不愿意选。
实际上，早些时候，针对红格南矿区的开发，攀枝花早先设计的“ 方案”是由宏达集团控股，攀钢集团、恒鼎公司及其他本地民营企业共同出资组建联合矿业开发公司。一位攀枝花政界人士告诉记者，此设想方案，却遭到了攀钢集团的“极力反对”，其要求 是自己控股。
“在资源配置方面，改革的方向就是以市场为 实现资源的有效配置。”张剡表示，希望通过倒逼机制，实现市场的调节；通过技术创新改变对矿产资源的粗放式开发，才可能解决当前的困境，走出一条新路。
数据显示，攀枝花已形成年产3.5万吨钒制品、60万吨钛白粉、3万吨海绵钛、8000吨钛锭的生产能力，钒制品国内、 市场占有率分别达 和20%，钛精矿生产规模达200万吨，成为生产规模全国 、 第二的钒产品生产基地，全国 的钛原料基地和全流程钛工业基地。“但是攀枝花的钒钛产业在 上仍然缺乏竞争力。”攀枝花市钒钛产业园区负责人坦言，关键就在核心技术上。 钛白粉
为了科技攻关，攀枝花市与中国科学院、中国工程院等科研 的深度合作，正在建设钒钛产品研发中心、生产中心、质检中心和交易中心；同时四川省 面向全球公开招标攀西战略资源创新开发试验区首批10个重大科技攻关项目。
但攀枝花仍坦承，目前仍只回收利用了 的铁、47%的钒和15%的钛，铬、镓、钪等尚未得到有效回收利用，钒在高端领域的应用严重不足，钛材、钛合金等钛金属深加工产品涉足尚浅，亟待攻克一批重大关键技术，以实现资源的 开发利用。
张剡透露，攀枝花市“十二五”制定了“6+2”的产业格局，包括矿业、钢铁、钒钛、能源、化工、机械制造6大传统产业和太阳能、生物工程两大新兴产业，“现在我们要用试验区这个牌子，通过创新来给它增加内容，在资源创新开发上先行先试，加快产业的转型升级。”
To break the "resource curse" faces many bottlenecks
3 at the end of the Panxi plateau, is the scorching sun. In the Panxi rift valley around the mountain, is the development of the mining area expos
钛白粉ed to the sun, large transport vehicles roaring in the valley.
Here is the only national strategic resource innovation Development Experimental Zone (hereinafter referred to as "Panxi zone"), has gone through the course of a year. In March last year, the national development and Reform Commission officially approved the Panxi zone, the planning area of about 00 square kilometers, 13 counties in Sichuan Province, including Panzhihua, Liangshan, Ya'an City, a total of 3 city states, the target, to 2020, built in the experimental area of 2~3 billion industrial park.
"We expect the test area policy, out of a sustainable development of resources city industry transformation and upgrade, city, improve the livelihood of the people of new road." Panzhihua city mayor Zhang Yan said, after a year of exploration, in the industrial policy, technology, personnel, production factors and many other aspects still need to break through the bottleneck, there is a reality and Development Experimental zone.
"China business newspaper" reporter in the interview to understand, as a resource-based old industrial base, Panzhihua will be accounted for 11% and 35% of vanadium titanium resource development of global resources, placed in the strategic highland city transformation. But the game many interest groups is the undercurrent, Panzhihua can break the "resource curse", remains to be the test area reform into the deep water area.
The experiment of single
All talk and no cider. This is the feelings of Panzhihua Miyi county Party Secretary Wang Biao on this year to test the policy landing. In Wang Biao seems, test area of policy uncertainty, the relevant supporting policies did not come out, the red line and too little, so the test area of expectations and the reality gap is more and more big.
钛白粉
Data shows, Miyi county is rich in mineral resources, has proven the metal and non-metallic minerals 27, 63 mining areas, where the county has proven (census) vanadium titanium magnetite iron ore reserves of 41.6 tons.
"As a test area, the flexibility of resource allocation and not very targeted, the master of mineral resources enterprise development initiative and innovation of science and technology investment." Wang Biao suggested, on into the test area in the project planning, implementation of the examination and approval authority delegated level policy, for by the state, for the record, the EIA approval authority delegated to the provincial level, the provincial examination and approval, for the record, the EIA authority to the city, county approval, project approval Easy Access opens.
As for the Panzhihua City, the biggest confusion lies in vanadium titanium as the downstream products of iron and steel industry, iron and steel projects currently included in the national limited, restricted the comprehensive development and utilization of vanadium and titanium resources. In addition, supporting industry for vanadium titanium resource development and the national projects in the restricted category, the comprehensive utilization of strong support for lack of supporting industry and the policy of vanadium titanium resources.
In addition, found in a press interview, whether it is business or industrial park, the issue is that production factors in order to electric power, railway, financing and coal is the main bottleneck.
"A year o
钛白粉f the total electricity to 6000000000 degrees of Panzhihua Iron and steel enterprise cost pressure is too great." Panzhihua vanadium titanium (1.97, 0.02, 1.03%) joint-stock company general manager Zhang Dade told reporters, and now the price is 0.534 yuan per degree, if the construction of large thermal power plant, the direct supply price per degree 1 wool much money, but by the national power grid [micro-blog] delivery, only in accordance with the current market price.
To get rid of the steel for the single industry structure, transformation and upgrading "China vanadium titanium" for Panzhihua, now have to issue electric 4 years later and anxious.
In addition, the Yunnan Guizhou Sichuan is located at the junction of Panzhihua, will face the railway, highway transportation capacity shortage and high cost of transportation problems. "Our transportation costs from 2012 eight cents per ton kilometers, up to now a hair three points five." Zhang Dade said, with the ocean and land purchase cost of coal, steel prices steel per ton 132 yuan higher than the Anshan Iron and steel, "how does this and coastal steel enterprises competitive?"
Vanadium and titanium industry in the future
Data shows, at present Panzhihua vanadium titanium magnetite ore reserves of 67 tons, vanadium, titanium reserves accounted for 63%, and 11% of the world, 35%, respectively, ranking third in the world and the first in the world. According to the latest resource potential evaluation, Panzhihua vanadium titanium magnetite ore reserves of more than 200 tons.
钛白粉
Reporter noted that, in Panzhihua, for the mining area of contention has never stopped, the most concern is the red pattern mining area. Hongge deposit is located in the Yanbian County in Panzhihua City, Panzhihua Xichang area, four large area of vanadium titanium magnetite (Taihe, Panzhihua, white, red lattice) only has not yet large-scale development and construction of the mining area. Prior to this, including the central enterprises to Panzhihua Iron and Steel Group, private enterprises HTC group, Lomon group, Hong Kong listed companies Hidili and so on are in contention for the mining area (south area) of the right to development, but according to the national policy, the exploitation and smelting technology is immature temporarily sealed.
"We have created the vanadium and titanium industry chain, but also bears the Panzhihua hundreds of thousands of people's livelihood." Zhang Dade said, at present, the Panzhihua Iron and Steel Group held a value of mineral exploration but 13 tons, can only be mined for five or six years, will be after the cook a meal without rice. Therefore, Zhang hopes that the government can resources, rather than through the auction who attacked the high who can take mine.
In this regard, vice president, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, Sichuan Province decision committee that Sheng Yi,
济南中北化工，专业钛白粉生产研发厂家
地址：山东济南市七贤镇二环南路与南辛庄路交叉口
联系电话：15966648960
15966648960
